After leaving the duties in the service of the Emperor and after leaving Prague in 1594, Vrančić worked on his dictionary. At the invitation of the famous Spanish Jesuit, Alfonso Carrillo, to whom the work was devoted, he prepared and published Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europae linguarum, Latinae, Italicae, Germanicae, Dalmati[c]ae et Ungaricae (Venice, 1595), a dictionary of the five most noble languages of Europe (Latin, Italian, German, Dalmatian and Hungarian). The work is considered to be a basis of Croatian lexicography as it is the first dictionary of the Croatian language, but also the first bigger dictionary of the Hungarian language. Many lexicographers used it by taking over the gathered linguistic material or it served as a model for their own new dictionaries. Vrančić’s Dictionarium certainly contributed to the affirmation and dignity of the Croatian language as well as to the 1599 decision that the Croatian language should be chosen as the most suitable of Slavic languages for teaching in Jesuit courses. At that time the Academy of the Croatian Language in Rome was founded, at which the Croatian language was taught within the framework of the Roman course.

Venice from the work: Georg Braun; Franz Hogenberg. Civitates orbis terrarum. Cologne, 1572-1617